Mastering User Interactions with the Actions Class in Selenium WebDriver


1. Introduction

Selenium WebDriver is a widely used framework for automating web browser interactions. In this tutorial, we will cover the initial setup required to start using Selenium WebDriver, creating instances of the Actions class, and performing various mouse actions using Selenium. Let's dive in!

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
    • 1.1. What is Actions Class?
    • 1.2. Benefits of Using Actions Class
  2. Getting Started with Actions Class
    • 2.1. Creating an instance of the Actions class
  3. Performing Mouse Actions 3.1 Mouse Hover 3.2 Clicking and Double Clicking 3.3 Right Click (Context Click) 3.4 Drag and Drop
  4. Performing Keyboard Actions 4.1 Key Down and Key Up 4.2 Sending Keys
  5. Handling Complex User Interactions 5.1 Chaining multiple actions together 5.2 Performing actions on nested elements 5.3 Waiting for specific conditions before performing actions
  6. Advanced Techniques with the Actions Class 6.1 Handling dynamic elements during actions 6.2 Integrating with explicit waits for synchronization 6.3 Leveraging the Page Object Model (POM) design pattern
  7. Real-World Use Cases
     7.1. Practical examples of using the Actions class in test automation scenarios
7.2 Demonstrating the power and versatility of the Actions class
8. Conclusion

1.1. What is Actions Class in Selenium WebDriver?

Actions class is used to handle Keyboard and Mouse Events. You need to import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions in order to use Actions class. This class includes keyboard and mouse actions such as double click, right click, drag & drop, mouse hover and clicking multiple elements.

Actions Class commands can be classified in two categories:
  1. Mouse Actions
  2. Keyword Actions

1.2. Benefits of Using the Actions Class in Selenium:

The Actions class in Selenium WebDriver provides several benefits when it comes to performing advanced user interactions and automating complex scenarios. Here are some of the key benefits of using the Actions class:

  1. Support for Mouse and Keyboard Actions: The Actions class allows you to simulate both mouse and keyboard actions. It provides a wide range of methods to handle mouse movements, clicks, hover, and drag-and-drop operations. Additionally, it offers keyboard-related methods for key press, release, and sending keystrokes to web elements.

  2. Enhanced User Interactions: With the Actions class, you can automate user interactions that go beyond simple clicks and text input. It enables you to perform actions like hovering over elements, right-clicking, double-clicking, and handling context menus. These capabilities allow you to simulate real user interactions and thoroughly test the functionality of web applications.

  3. Cross-Browser Compatibility: The Actions class is designed to work seamlessly across different web browsers. It abstracts the underlying browser-specific implementations and provides a consistent way to perform actions across various browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer. This ensures that your tests are reliable and can be executed on different browsers without modifications.

  4. Handling Complex Scenarios: The Actions class is particularly useful when automating complex scenarios that involve multiple user interactions. It allows you to chain multiple actions together, perform actions on nested elements, and wait for specific conditions before performing actions. This flexibility helps in automating scenarios like dropdown menus, sliders, sortable lists, and more.

  5. Improved Test Coverage: By utilizing the Actions class, you can achieve a higher level of test coverage. It enables you to simulate user interactions that are not possible through basic WebDriver commands alone. For example, you can automate scenarios that involve mouse hover, drag-and-drop, or right-click operations, ensuring that your tests cover a wide range of user interactions.

  6. Integration with Explicit Waits: The Actions class can be integrated with explicit waits to synchronize actions with specific conditions. This allows you to wait for elements to be visible, clickable, or have certain attributes before performing actions on them. By combining the Actions class with explicit waits, you can create more robust and reliable test scripts.

  7. Seamless Integration with Page Object Model (POM): The Actions class seamlessly integrates with the Page Object Model (POM) design pattern, which is widely used for creating maintainable and reusable test automation frameworks. You can encapsulate the actions performed on specific elements within respective page objects, making your code more organized and maintainable.


2. Getting Started with Actions Class

2.1. Creating an Instance of Actions class:

  • Before using the Actions class, make sure you have a WebDriver instance set up.
  • Import the necessary classes:

  • arduino
    import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
  • Create a WebDriver instance:

  • java
    WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
  • Instantiate the Actions class using the WebDriver instance:

  • java
    Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
Now, you have an instance of the Actions class (actions) that you can use to perform various mouse actions on web elements.


3. Performing Mouse Actions
 In Selenium WebDriver, the Actions class provides a powerful set of methods to perform mouse actions, allowing you to simulate user interactions with web elements. This tutorial will guide you through the process of performing mouse actions using the Actions class. We will cover various mouse actions such as click, double click, context click (right click), click and hold, drag and drop, and more. Let's get started!

Some of the mouse events that can be performed using Actions class are:
  1. click()
  2. doubleClick()
  3. contextClick()
  4. clickAndHold()
  5. dragAndDrop()
  6. moveToElement()
  7. moveByOffset(x, y)
  8. release()
  1. Clicking on Elements: Clicking on elements is a common interaction in web applications. The Actions class provides the click() method to simulate a left mouse button click on a specific element. Here's an example:
java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
actions.click(element).build().perform();
  1. Double Clicking: Double clicking is used when you need to simulate a quick succession of two left mouse button clicks on an element. The Actions class provides the doubleClick() method for this purpose. Here's an example:
java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
actions.doubleClick(element).build().perform();
  1. Context Click (Right Click): Simulating a right click on an element can be useful for interacting with context menus or triggering specific actions. The Actions class provides the contextClick() method for right-click simulation. Here's an example:
java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
actions.contextClick(element).build().perform();
  1. Click and Hold: Sometimes, you may need to click and hold the mouse button on an element. The Actions class provides the clickAndHold() method to perform this action. Here's an example:
java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
actions.clickAndHold(element).build().perform();
  1. Releasing the Mouse Button: To release the mouse button after performing a click and hold action, you can use the release() method of the Actions class. Here's an example:
java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
actions.clickAndHold(element).release().build().perform();
  1. Drag and Drop: Dragging and dropping elements is a common interaction in many web applications. The Actions class provides the dragAndDrop() method to simulate this action. Here's an example:
java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement sourceElement = driver.findElement(By.id("sourceElementId"));
WebElement targetElement = driver.findElement(By.id("targetElementId"));
actions.dragAndDrop(sourceElement, targetElement).build().perform();
  1. Moving to an Element: Sometimes, you may need to move the mouse cursor to a specific element without performing any click or action. The moveToElement() method of the Actions class allows you to achieve this. Here's an example:
java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
actions.moveToElement(element).build().perform();


8. Mouse Hover and Click:
We usually come across some scenarios in automation of mouse hover like clicking on a sub-menu link which appears only after moving your cursor to menu link. It's quite a tricky thing to perform in automation. Thanks to the Actions Class in Selenium WebDriver.  We already have a Selenium command for it. Here's an example:

java
// Mouse Hover
WebElement menuLink = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/some/xpath")); // Xpath for Menu
WebElement subMenuLink = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/some/xpath")); // Xpath for Sub Menu

Actions actions = new Actions(driver); // Create object of Actions class

actions.moveToElement(menuLink); // Move cursor to Menu link (Mouse hover on menu link so that sub menu is displayed)
actions.click(subMenuLink).build().perform(); // Click on Submenu link (which is displayed after mouse hovering cursor on menu link)
The above code snippet demonstrates how to perform a mouse hover and click action using the Actions class in Selenium WebDriver. First, we locate the menu and submenu elements using their Xpaths. Then, we create an object of the Actions class. Next, we use the moveToElement() method to move the cursor to the menu link, triggering the display of the submenu. Finally, we use the click() method to click on the submenu link and the build().perform() methods to build and execute the actions.

4. Performing Keyboard Actions in Selenium WebDriver

Keyboard actions are an essential part of web application testing. With Selenium WebDriver's Actions class, you can simulate various keyboard events and perform keyboard actions on web elements. In this tutorial, we will explore different keyboard actions supported by the Actions class and how to use them in your test scripts.

4.1. Import the Required Classes

To start using the Actions class, you need to import the necessary classes in your Selenium WebDriver test script:

java
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;

4.2. Create an Instance of the Actions Class

Next, create an instance of the Actions class using the WebDriver object:

java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

Replace driver with your WebDriver instance.

4.3. Performing Keyboard Actions

The Actions class provides several methods to perform keyboard actions. Here are some commonly used methods:

a.keyDown(CharSequence key) - Performs a key press without releasing it.

b.keyUp(CharSequence key) - Releases a key that was pressed using the keyDown method.

c. sendKeys(CharSequence... keysToSend) - Sends a series of keystrokes to the active element.

Let's look at examples of how to use these methods:

i. Press and Release a Key

java
// Press the SHIFT key
actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).build().perform();

// Release the SHIFT key
actions.keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).build().perform();

In the above example, we press the SHIFT key using the keyDown method and then release it using the keyUp method.

ii. Send Keystrokes to an Element

java
// Locate the text input field
WebElement inputField = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='input-field']"));

// Send "Hello" to the input field
actions.sendKeys(inputField, "Hello").build().perform();

In this example, we locate an input field using its XPath and send the keystrokes "Hello" to the field using the sendKeys method.

4.4. Combining Keyboard Actions

You can also combine multiple keyboard actions using the keyDown, keyUp, and sendKeys methods. For example:

java
// Press CTRL + A to select all text
actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("a").keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).build().perform();

In this example, we press the CTRL key, send the "a" keystroke, and then release the CTRL key. This combination selects all text in the active element.

4.5. Perform the Keyboard Actions

Finally, to execute the keyboard actions, call the build().perform() method:

java
actions.build().perform();

This ensures that all the actions you've defined are built into a single composite action and then performed.

Example Program for Actions Class Keyboard Actions:

package com.techlistic.selenium;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class ActionsKeyboard {

 public static void main(String[] args) {
  
  // Set Path of Gecko driver
  System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "./src/com/techlistic/utils/geckodriver.exe");
  
  // Launch Forefox
  WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

  // Open Techlcistic.com's practice form
  driver.get("https://www.techlistic.com/p/selenium-practice-form.html");

  // Set Implicit Wait
  driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

  // Maximize Window
  driver.manage().window().maximize();

  // Store Location of Firstname in Webelement
  WebElement FIRSTNAME = driver.findElement(By.name("firstname"));  
  
  /* KeyUP and KeyDown
   */
  
  // Create object of Actions class
  Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
    
  // This will type Username in Uppercase as we are typing using Shift key pressed
  actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
  .sendKeys(FIRSTNAME, "john snow")
  .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
  .build()
  .perform();
  
 }
}


5. Handling Complex User Interactions in Selenium WebDriver

In addition to basic mouse and keyboard actions, the Actions class in Selenium WebDriver provides powerful capabilities for handling complex user interactions on web applications. These interactions involve a combination of mouse and keyboard actions performed in a specific order or based on certain conditions. In this tutorial, we will explore how to handle complex user interactions using the Actions class.

5.1. Chaining Multiple Actions Together

Sometimes, you may need to perform a series of actions in a specific order. The Actions class allows you to chain multiple actions together using the build() and perform() methods. Here's an example:

java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

actions.moveToElement(element1)
       .click()
       .moveToElement(element2)
       .click()
       .build()
       .perform();

In the above example, we chain multiple actions to move the mouse to element1, click it, then move to element2, and click it as well. The build() method builds the composite action, and the perform() method executes the action.

5.2. Performing Actions on Nested Elements

In some cases, you may need to perform actions on nested elements within a web page. You can achieve this by using the moveToElement() method to move the mouse to the parent element and then perform the desired action on the nested element. Here's an example:

java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

actions.moveToElement(parentElement)
       .moveToElement(nestedElement)
       .click()
       .build()
       .perform();

In this example, we first move the mouse to the parentElement and then move to the nestedElement to perform a click action.

5.3. Waiting for Specific Conditions Before Performing Actions

There may be scenarios where you need to wait for specific conditions to be met before performing certain actions. In such cases, you can use explicit waits in combination with the Actions class. Here's an example:

java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);

WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("element-id")));

actions.moveToElement(element)
       .click()
       .build()
       .perform();

In this example, we use an explicit wait to wait for the visibility of the element with the specified ID. Once the element is visible, we perform the desired action using the Actions class.


6. Advanced Techniques with the Actions Class in Selenium WebDriver

The Actions class in Selenium WebDriver provides a wide range of advanced techniques that can enhance your test automation scripts. In this tutorial, we will explore some of these techniques and demonstrate how they can be used to handle complex scenarios and optimize your test scripts.

6.1. Handling Dynamic Elements during Actions

In certain cases, the elements on a web page may change dynamically during the execution of an action. This can cause the action to fail if the element is no longer available. To handle this situation, you can use the moveToElement() method with the offset parameters to perform actions relative to the current mouse position. Here's an example:

java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("dynamic-element"));

// Get the current position of the mouse cursor
int xOffset = 10;  // Adjust the X offset as per your requirements
int yOffset = 10;  // Adjust the Y offset as per your requirements

// Move the mouse cursor to the element with the specified offset
actions.moveToElement(element, xOffset, yOffset)
       .click()
       .build()
       .perform();

In this example, we first locate the dynamically changing element using a suitable locator strategy. Then, we use moveToElement() with the desired offset values to move the mouse cursor relative to the element's position. Finally, we perform the desired action, such as a click, on the dynamic element.

6.2. Integrating with Explicit Waits for Synchronization

To ensure that your actions are performed on the correct elements and at the right time, it is important to synchronize your test scripts with the application's behavior. Explicit waits can be used in combination with the Actions class to wait for specific conditions before performing actions. Here's an example:

java
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);

WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("element-id")));

actions.moveToElement(element)
       .click()
       .build()
       .perform();

In this example, an explicit wait is used to wait for the element with the specified ID to be clickable. Once the element is clickable, the action is performed using the Actions class. This ensures that the action is executed only when the element is ready to receive the action.

6.3. Leveraging the Page Object Model (POM) Design Pattern

The Page Object Model (POM) is a widely used design pattern for organizing and maintaining test automation scripts. It promotes the separation of page elements and their associated actions into separate classes, making the code more modular and maintainable. You can integrate the Actions class into your POM-based test scripts by creating methods in the page object classes that perform the desired actions. Here's an example:

java
public class HomePage {
    private WebDriver driver;
    private Actions actions;

    // Constructor
    public HomePage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        actions = new Actions(driver);
    }

    // Perform mouse hover action on an element
    public void hoverOnElement(WebElement element) {
        actions.moveToElement(element)
               .build()
               .perform();
    }
}

In this example, we have a HomePage class that contains a method hoverOnElement() to perform a mouse hover action on a given element. By encapsulating the actions within the page object class, you can easily reuse them across different test cases and keep your code organized.

7. Assignment Time

Now it's time to do a coding assignment, 

8. Conclusion

In conclusion, the Actions class in Selenium WebDriver provides a powerful set of methods to handle complex user interactions involving keyboard and mouse actions. It enables you to perform various actions such as mouse hover, click, drag and drop, and keyboard events like key press and release.

The Actions class offers flexibility and control in automating user interactions, allowing you to simulate real-world scenarios and test the functionality of web applications more effectively. By utilising the Actions class, you can enhance your test automation scripts and improve the overall quality of your web application testing.


Selenium 25+ WebDriver Commands  << Previous   ||   Next >>   Selenium Wait Commands

Author
Vaneesh Behl
Passionately writing and working in Tech Space for more than a decade.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

What is Java Class and Object?

Image
In this Java Class and Object tutorial, we will learn about the fundamentals of Java Programming. Java Class and Object are the base of Java. And we have tried to explain it in a simpler way. For your better understanding, we have also provided example Java programs for concepts of Java Classes and Object and Java Constructors. Classes and Objects are the fundamental building blocks of OOPS (Object Oriented Programming). A Java object is a physical and logical entity whereas a Java class is a logical entity. Table of Content 1. What is a Java Class? Syntax of java Class Explanation of example code Types Of Java Classes 2. What is a Java Object? How to create Java Object? Example Code and it's explanation What is the use of Java Objects? 3. Write your first Java Program - "Hello World" 4. What is Java Constructor? Non-Parameterized Constructor (Default) Parameterized Constructor 1. What is a Java Class? Before creating an object in Java, you need to define a class. A class
Read more

Python Behave Tutorial: A Comprehensive Guide to Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)

Image
In this tutorial, we'll explain each and every aspect of Behavior Driven Development. This BDD Python tutorial will help you create and design your automation tests and framework. Table of Content 1. What is BDD? 2. What is Gherkin Language in BDD? 3. What is Behave in Python? 4. Installing and Setup Behave 5. Project Structure for Behave Python (BDD) 6. Feature Files, Step Functions and Other Files in Behave Feature File Step Functions Step Parameters Passing String Param from Feature File Passing Integer Param from Feature File environment.py file behave.ini file 7. Run Feature files in Behave Run a single feature file Run multiple feature files Generate JUNIT xml reports with behave Run feature files with Python suite file Upcoming Tutorials: 8. API Automation Testing with BDD Python (Behave) 9. Selenium Automation with BDD Python (Behave) 1. What is BDD? BDD stands for Behavior Driven Development. BDD is an agile process of development. It encourages non-technical or business t
Read more

What Role Graphic Design Services Play in Marketing

Image
Graphic design plays an essential part in today's marketing landscape and can provide an advantage for businesses. If you believe that graphic design is about images or drawings, then you're not right. Instead, it's about visuals proficient in solving problems using images. The vast majority of digital experts widely accept it as being one of the most important aspects of digital marketing because it helps marketers increase brand recognition and affect the decision-making process for their clients. In general, it is a representation of typography, symbols, colours, images, and symbols that contribute to the overall aesthetics of the communicated message. It is based on certain rules, trends, and concepts derived from a target audience's psychology studies. Get your work done by professional graphic design services 2022 .  Improve User Experience By in-Corporating Graphics In everything from brand identity to marketing via digital, any business can use graphic designs t
Read more

Automation Practice: Automate Amazon like E-Commerce Website with Selenium

Image
In this post, you will learn to automate different functionalities of an e-commerce website. To automate this practice assignment,  you should have sound knowledge of all the Selenium concepts. We'll create a test plan and then automate an e-commerce website that is quite similar to amazon.com. Automate Amazon-like e-Comm website with Selenium for Automation Practice Table of Content 1. What should you know before starting this Project assignment? 2. Which functionalities will we automate in this Project assignment? 3. Create Test Plan for Amazon like e-commerce website 4. Automate Amazon like e-commerce website: Automate User Registration and Login of e-commerce website Automate Search feature of e-commerce website Automate "Buy Product" feature of e-Commerce website 1. What should you know before automating this automation assignment? You should know the following topics, before starting this project assignment: Software Testing Concept
Read more

17 Best Demo Websites for Automation Testing Practice

Image
We need demo websites for various purposes, like learning new tools and for automation testing practice. In this post, we cherry-picked some of the best websites to practice Selenium automation testing. This set of demo websites would help you to enhance your automation skills.  This post can help various people like,  Automation Testing learners, Experienced professionals, and even Automation Testing tutors/teachers. They all can benefit from these demo websites. Table of Contents 1. Techlistic Automation Practice Form 2. Amazon like Demo E-Commerce Website 3. Make My Trip like Travel Portal 4. Demo Automation Practice Web Table 5. Google.com 6. Demo Website for Handling Alerts 7. Way2Automation Demo 8. NewTours DemoAUT 9. The Demo Site 10. DemoQA 11. Para Bank 12. Orange HRM 13. Sauce Labs Demo E-Commerce Site 14. Demo Bank Demo Websites for API Automation Testing Practice 15. Restful Booker 16. Pet Store 17. Demo REST API Best Demo Websites for Automation Practice Let's take
Read more

14 Best Selenium Practice Exercises for Automation Practice

Image
  This page contains the list of Selenium Program exercises for automation practice. Your skills will definitely get a boost after solving these Selenium Practice Assignments. In these assignments, you will find the Sample Applications for Automation Testing . These Practice Assignments are designed in such a way that learners can enhance their automation skills. They also include multiple Sample Test Cases for Selenium along with step-by-step description which needs to be automated.  Reference links to  Selenium WebDriver Commands  for solutions are provided in the assignments. 10 Best Selenium Practice Exercises for Automation Practice Automate Amazon-like e-Comm Website with Selenium WebDriver In this self-learning project assignment, we'll automate all the major e-commerce website features with Selenium and Java. We'll automate Sign-up and login, search products, and purchase products for Amazon an e-commerce website. Automate GoDaddy.com Website features with Selenium WebD
Read more

Top Free YouTube Download Apps: Download YouTube Videos Software Free

Image
YouTube is undoubtedly the world's most popular video-sharing platform, with millions of users uploading, sharing, and watching videos every day. While it's incredibly convenient to stream content directly from YouTube, sometimes you might want to save a video for offline viewing or use it for other purposes. That's where a free YouTube downloader comes in handy. A YouTube downloader is a tool that enables you to download YouTube videos to your computer or mobile device, where you can access them offline without an internet connection. There are several YouTube downloader tools available on the internet, both free and paid. In this blog, we will focus on free YouTube downloaders, their benefits, and the best options available in the market. Benefits of using a free YouTube downloader: 1. Offline Viewing: One of the most significant benefits of using a YouTube downloader is that it allows you to watch your favorite YouTube videos offline. With a YouTube downloader, you can d
Read more

7 Best Sites for Free Music Downloads

Image
T here are some websites that offer free music downloads, which may or may not be legal, and it's important to exercise caution when using them. Here are some of the best sites for downloading music for free: SoundCloud SoundCloud is a platform where independent artists and labels can upload and share their music with fans. It has a vast library of tracks from a wide range of genres, from indie rock to electronic dance music. While not all of the music on SoundCloud is free, many artists make their tracks available for download. Features: Allows you to search for tracks by genre, artist, or track title
Read more

Top 10 Highly Paid Indian CEOs in the USA

Image
Top Indian CEOs in the USA Indian Americans have been making significant contributions to the US economy for decades. Many Indian-origin executives have reached the pinnacle of success in American corporations and hold some of the highest-paid positions in the country. In this post, we will take a look at the top 10 highly paid Indian-origin CEOs in the USA, their history, academics, salary, and net worth. 1. Sunder Pichai   Salary US$ 199.7 million Sundar Pichai is the CEO of Google and Alphabet Inc. Born in Tamil Nadu, India, Pichai grew up in a middle-class family and earned a Bachelor’s degree in Metallurgical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. He went on to earn a Master’s degree in Material Sciences and Engineering from Stanford University and an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Pichai joined Google in 2004 and rose through the ranks to become CEO in 2015. His annual salary in 2021 was $2 million, and his net wort
Read more

Evolution of Artificial Intelligence Chat Bots: From ELIZA to Chat GPT

Image
Artificial Intelligence Chatting Robots, or chatbots, have come a long way since their inception. What began as simple text-based programs with predefined responses has evolved into sophisticated conversational agents capable of understanding and generating natural language. In this blog, we'll take a journey through the fascinating evolution of AI chatting robots, exploring their humble beginnings, key milestones, and the powerful technologies that drive them today. 1. The Birth of ELIZA: The First Chatbot ELIZA, developed by Joseph Weizenbaum in the mid-1960s, is often regarded as the pioneer of chatbot technology. ELIZA was primarily designed as a simple rule-based program that could simulate Rogerian psychotherapy sessions. It utilized pattern matching and predefined scripts to mimic human conversation. ELIZA would respond to users by mirroring their statements and asking open-ended questions, creating the illusion of a therapeutic dialogue. Example: User: "I'm feelin
Read more